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Most of the names of the other men and women of the Du´nedain, such as Aragorn, Denethor, Gilraen are of Sindarin form, being often the names of Elves or Men remembered in the songs and histories of the First Age (as Beren, Hu´rin). Some few are of mixed forms, as Boromir. 1 A PP ENDIX F 1129 But the native speech of the Nu´meno´reans remained for the most part their ancestral Mannish tongue, the Aduˆnaic, and to this in the latter days of their pride their kings and lords returned, abandoning the Elven-speech, save only those few that held still to their ancient friendship with https://freestrategygames.cloud/counter-strike/counter-strike-global-offensive-offline.php Eldar. In the years of their power the Nu´meno´reans had maintained many forts and havens upon the western coasts of Middle-earth for the help of their ships; and one of the chief of these was at Pelargir near the Mouths of Anduin. There Aduˆnaic was spoken, and mingled with many words of the languages of lesser men it became a Common Speech that spread thence along the coasts among all that had dealings with Westernesse. After the Downfall of Nu´menor, Gate notes patch keys 3 baldurs led the survivors of the Elf-friends back to the North-western shores of Middle-earth. There many already dwelt who were in whole or part of Nu´meno´rean blood; but few of them remembered the Elvish speech. All told the Du´nedain were thus from the beginning far fewer in number than the lesser men among whom they dwelt and whom they ruled, being lords of long life and great power and wisdom. They used therefore the Common Speech in their dealing with other folk and in the government of their wide realms; but they enlarged the language and enriched it with many words drawn from elven-tongues. In the days of the Nu´meno´rean kings this ennobled Westron speech spread far and wide, even among their enemies; and it became used more and more by the Du´nedain themselves, so that at the time of the War of the Ring the elven-tongue was known to only a small part of the peoples of Gondor, and spoken daily by fewer. These dwelt mostly in Minas Tirith and the townlands adjacent, and in the land of the tributary princes of Dol Amroth. Yet the names of nearly all places and persons in the realm of Gondor were of Elvish form and meaning. A few were of forgotten origin, and descended doubtless from the days before the ships of the Nu´meno´reans sailed the Sea; among these were Umbar, Arnach and Erech; and the mountain-names Eilenach and Rimmon. Forlong was also a name of the same sort. Most of the Men of the northern regions of the West-lands were descended from game for pc download torrent Edain of the First Age, or from their close kin. Their languages were, therefore, related to the Aduˆnaic, and some still preserved a likeness to the Common Speech. Of this kind were the peoples of the upper vales of Anduin: the Beornings, and the Woodmen of Western Mirkwood; and further north and east the Men of the Long Lake and of Dale. From the lands between the Gladden and the Carrock came the folk that were known in Gondor as the Rohirrim, Masters of Horses. They still spoke their ancestral tongue, and gave new names in it to nearly all the places in their new country; and they called themselves the Eorlings, or the Men of the Riddermark. But the lords of that people used the Common Speech freely, and spoke it nobly after the manner of their allies in Gondor; for in Gondor whence it came the Westron kept still a more gracious and gate guide manual baldurs style. Wholly alien was the speech of the Wild Men of Dru´ adan Forest. Alien, too, or only remotely akin, was the language of the Dunlendings. These were a remnant of the peoples that just click for source dwelt in the vales of the White Mountains in ages past. The Dead Men of Dunharrow were of their kin. But in the Dark Years others had removed to the southern dales of the Misty Mountains; 1130 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS and thence some had passed into the empty lands as far north as the Barrowdowns. From them came the Men of Bree; but long before these had become subjects of the North Kingdom of Arnor and had taken up the Westron tongue. Only in Dunland did Men of this race hold to their old speech and manners: a secret folk, unfriendly to the Du´nedain, hating the Rohirrim. Of their language nothing appears in this book, save the name Forgoil which they gave to the Rohirrim (meaning Strawheads, it is setup x series apex xim xbox. Dunland and Dunlending are the names that the Rohirrim gave to them, because they were swarthy and dark-haired; there is thus no connexion between the word dunn in these names and the Grey-elven word Duˆn west. of hobbits The Hobbits of the Shire and of Bree had at this time, for probably a thousand years, adopted the Common Speech. They used it in their own manner freely and carelessly; though the more learned among them had still at their command a more formal language when occasion required. There is no record of any language peculiar to Hobbits. In ancient days they seem always to have used the languages of Men near whom, or among whom, they lived. Thus they quickly adopted the Common Speech after they entered Eriador, and by the time of their settlement at Bree they had already begun to forget their former tongue. This was evidently a Mannish language of the upper Anduin, akin to that of the Rohirrim; though the southern Stoors appear to have adopted a language related to Dunlendish before they came north to the Shire. 1 Of these things in the time of Frodo there were still some traces left in local words and names, many of which closely resembled those found in Dale or in Rohan. Most notable were the names of days, months, and seasons; several other words of the same sort (such as mathom and smial) were also still in common use, while more were preserved in the place-names of Bree and the Shire. The personal names of the Hobbits were also peculiar and many had come down from ancient days. Hobbit was the name usually applied by the Shire-folk to all their kind. Men called them Halflings and the Elves Periannath. The origin of the word hobbit was by most forgotten. It seems, however, to have been at first a name given to the Harfoots by the Fallohides and Stoors, and to be a worn-down form of a word preserved more fully in Rohan: holbytla hole-builder. of other races Ents. The most ancient people surviving in the Third Age were the Onodrim or Enyd. Ent was the form of their name in the language of Rohan. They were known to the Eldar in ancient days, and to the Eldar indeed the Ents ascribed not their own language but the desire for speech. The language that they had made was unlike all others: slow, sonorous, agglomerated, repetitive, indeed long-winded; formed of a multiplicity of vowel-shades and distinctions The Stoors of the Angle, who returned to Wilderland, had already adopted the Common Speech; but De´agol and Sme´agol are names in the Mannish language of the region near the Gladden. 1 A PP ENDIX F 1131 of tone and quality which even the lore-masters of the Eldar had not attempted to represent in writing. They used it only among themselves; but they had no need to keep it secret, for no others could learn it. Ents were, however, themselves skilled in tongues, learning them swiftly and never forgetting them. But they preferred the languages of the Eldar, and loved best the ancient High-elven tongue. The strange words and names that the Hobbits record as used by Treebeard and other Ents are thus Elvish, or fragments https://freestrategygames.cloud/pubg-game/pubg-krafton-games.php Elf-speech strung together in Ent-fashion. 1 Some are Quenya: as Taurelilo´me¨a-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaure¨a Lo´me¨anor, which may be rendered Forestmanyshadowed-deepvalleyblack Deepvalleyforested Gloomyland, and by which Treebeard meant, more or less: there is a black shadow in the deep dales of the forest. Some are Sindarin: as Fangorn beard-(of)- tree, or Fimbrethil slender-beech. Orcs and the Black Speech. Orc is check this out form of the name that other races had for this foul people as it was in the language of Rohan. In Sindarin it was orch. Related, no doubt, was the word uruk of the Black Speech, though this was applied as a rule only to the great soldier-orcs that at this time issued from Mordor and Isengard. The lesser kinds were called, especially by the Uruk-hai, snaga slave. The Orcs were first bred by the Dark Power of the North in the Elder Days. It is said that they had no language of their own, but took what they could of other tongues and perverted it to their own liking; yet they made only brutal jargons, scarcely sufficient even for their own needs, unless it were for curses and abuse. And these creatures, being filled with malice, hating even their own kind, quickly developed as many barbarous dialects as there were groups or settlements of their race, so that their Orkish speech was of little use to them in intercourse between different tribes. So it was that in the Third Age Orcs used for communication between breed and breed the Westron tongue; and many indeed of the older tribes, such as those that still lingered in the North and in the Misty Mountains, had long used the Westron as their native language, though in such a fashion as to make it hardly less unlovely than Orkish. In this jargon tark, man of Gondor, was a debased form of tarkil, a Quenya word used in Westron for one of Nu´meno´rean descent; see p. 906. It is said that the Black Speech was devised by Sauron in the Dark Years, and that he had desired to make it the language of all those that served him, but he failed in that purpose. From the Black Speech, however, were derived many of the words that were in the Third Age wide-spread among the Orcs, such as ghaˆsh fire, but after the first overthrow of Sauron this language in its ancient form was forgotten by all but the Nazguˆl. When Sauron arose again, it became once more the language of Barad-duˆr and of the captains of Mordor. The inscription on the Ring was in the ancient Black Speech, 1 Except where the Hobbits seem to have made some attempts to represent shorter murmurs and calls made by the Ents; a-lalla-lalla-rumba-kamanda-lindor-buru´me also is not Elvish, and is the only extant (probably very inaccurate) attempt to represent a fragment of actual Entish. 1132 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS while the curse of the Mordor-orc on p. 445 was in the more debased form used by the soldiers of the Dark Tower, of whom Grishna´kh was the captain. Sharkuˆ in that tongue means old man. Trolls. Troll has been used learn more here translate the Sindarin Torog. In their beginning far back in the twilight of the Elder Days, these were creatures of dull and lumpish nature and had no more language than beasts. But Sauron had made use of them, teaching them what little they could learn and increasing their Gta auto v torrent with wickedness. Trolls therefore took such language as they could master from please click for source Orcs; and in the Westlands the Stone-trolls spoke a debased form of the Common Speech. But at the end of the Third Age a troll-race not before seen appeared in southern Mirkwood and in the mountain borders of Mordor. Olog-hai they were called in the Black Speech. That Sauron bred them none doubted, though from what stock was not known. Some held that they were not Trolls but giant Orcs; but the Olog-hai were in fashion of body and mind quite unlike even the largest of Orc-kind, whom they far surpassed in size and power. Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race, strong, agile, fierce and cunning, but harder than stone. Unlike the older race of the Twilight they could endure the Sun, so long as the will of Sauron held sway over them. They spoke little, and the only tongue that they knew was the Black Speech of Barad-duˆr. Dwarves. The Dwarves are a race apart. Of their strange beginning, and why they are both like and unlike Elves and Men, the Silmarillion tells; but of this tale the lesser Elves of Middle-earth had no knowledge, while the tales of later Men are confused with memories of other races. They are a tough, thrawn race for the most part, secretive, laborious, retentive of the memory of injuries (and of benefits), lovers of stone, of gems, of things that take shape under the hands of the craftsman rather than things that live by their own life. But they are not evil by nature, and few ever served the Enemy of free will, whatever the tales of Men may have alleged. For Men of old lusted after their wealth and the work of their hands, and there has been enmity between the races. But in the Third Age close friendship still was found in many places between Men and Dwarves; and it was according to the nature of the Dwarves that, travelling and labouring and trading about the lands, as they did after the destruction of their ancient mansions, they should use the languages of Men among whom they dwelt. Yet in secret (a secret which unlike the Elves, they did not willingly unlock, even to their friends) they used their own strange tongue, changed little by the years; for it had become a tongue of lore rather than a cradle-speech, and they tended it and guarded it as a treasure of the past. Few of other race have succeeded in learning it. In this history it appears only in such place-names as Gimli revealed to his companions; and in the battle-cry which he uttered in the siege of the Hornburg. That at least was not secret, and had been heard on many a field since the world was young. Baruk Khazaˆd. Khazaˆd ai-meˆnu. Axes of the Dwarves. The Dwarves are upon you. A PP ENDIX F 1133 Gimlis own name, however, and the names of all his kin, are of Northern (Mannish) origin. Their own secret and inner names, their true names, the Dwarves have never revealed to anyone of alien race. Not even on their tombs do they inscribe them. I I ON TRANSLATION In presenting the matter of the Red Book, as a history for people of today to read, the whole of the linguistic setting has been translated as far as possible into terms of our own times. Only the languages alien to the Common Speech have been left in their original form; but these appear mainly in the names of persons and places. The Common Speech, as the language of the Hobbits and their narratives, has inevitably been turned into modern English. In the process the difference between the apex predator no damage observable in the use of the Westron has been lessened. Some attempt has been made to represent varieties by variations in the kind of English used; but the divergence between the pronunciation and idiom of the Shire and the Westron tongue in the mouths of the Elves or of the high men of Gondor was greater than has been shown in this book. Hobbits indeed spoke for the most part a rustic dialect, whereas in Gondor and Rohan a more antique language was used, more formal and more terse. One point in the divergence may here be noted, since, though important, it has proved impossible to represent. The Westron tongue made in the pronouns of the second person (and often also in those of the third) a distinction, independent of number, between familiar and deferential forms. It was, however, one of the peculiarities of Shire-usage that the deferential forms had gone out of colloquial use. They lingered only among the villagers, especially of the Westfarthing, who used them as endearments. This was one of the things referred to when people of Gondor spoke of the strangeness of Hobbit-speech. Peregrin Took, for instance, in his first few days in Minas Tirith used the familiar for people of all ranks, including the Lord Denethor https://freestrategygames.cloud/pubg/pubg-yuklemek-ki.php. This may have amused the aged Steward, but it must have astonished his servants. No doubt this free use of the familiar forms helped to spread the popular rumour that Peregrin was a person of very high rank in his own country. 1 It will be noticed that Hobbits click the following article as Frodo, and other persons such as Gandalf and Aragorn, do not always use the same style. This is intentional. The more learned and able among the Hobbits had some knowledge of book-language, as it was termed in the Shire; and they were quick to note and adopt the style of those whom they met. It was in any case natural for much-travelled folk to speak more or less after the manner of those among 1 In one or two places an attempt has been made to hint at these distinctions by an inconsistent use of thou. Since this pronoun is now unusual and archaic it is employed mainly to represent the use of ceremonious language; but a change from you to thou, thee is sometimes meant to show, there being no other means of doing this, a significant change from the deferential, or between men and women normal, forms to the familiar. 1134 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS whom they found themselves, especially in the case of men who, like Aragorn, were often at pains to conceal their origin and their business. Yet in those days all learn more here enemies of the Enemy revered what was ancient, in language no less than in other matters, and they took pleasure in it according to their knowledge. The Eldar, being above all skilled in words, had the deck quake ii steam of many styles, though they spoke most naturally in a manner nearest to their own speech, one even more antique than that of Gondor. The Dwarves, too, spoke with skill, readily adapting themselves to their company, though their utterance seemed to some rather harsh and guttural. But Orcs and Trolls spoke as they would, without love of words or things; and their language was actually more degraded and filthy than I have shown it. I do not suppose that any will wish for a closer rendering, though models are easy to find. Much the same sort of talk can still be heard among the orc-minded; dreary and repetitive with hatred and contempt, too long removed from good to retain even verbal vigour, save in the ears of those to whom only the squalid sounds strong. Translation of this kind is, of course, usual because inevitable in any narrative dealing with the past. It seldom proceeds any further. But I have gone beyond it. I have also translated all Westron names according to their senses. When English names or titles appear in this book it is an indication that names in the Common Speech were current at the time, beside, or instead of, those in alien (usually Elvish) languages. The Westron names were as a rule translations of older names: as Rivendell, Hoarwell, Silverlode, Langstrand, The Enemy, the Dark Tower. Some differed in meaning: as Mount Doom for Orodruin burning mountain, or Mirkwood for Taur e-Ndaedelos forest of the great fear. A few were alterations of Elvish names: as Lune click Brandywine derived from Lhuˆn and Baranduin. This procedure perhaps needs some defence. It seemed to me that to present all the names in their original forms would obscure an essential feature of the times as perceived by the Hobbits (whose point of view I was mainly concerned to preserve): the contrast between a wide-spread language, to them as ordinary and habitual as English is can steamboat zul yahya meru agree us, and the living remains of far older and more reverend tongues. All names if merely transcribed would seem to modern readers equally remote: for instance, if the Elvish name Imladris and the Westron translation See more had both been left unchanged. But to refer to Rivendell as Imladris was as if one now was to speak of Winchester as Camelot, except that the identity was certain, while in Rivendell there still dwelt a lord of renown far older than Arthur would be, were he still king at Winchester today. The name of the Shire (Suˆza) and all other places of the Hobbits have thus been Englished. This was seldom difficult, since click names were commonly made up of elements similar to those used in our simpler English place-names; either words still current like hill or field; or a little worn down like ton beside town. But some were derived, as already noted, from old hobbit-words no longer in use, and these have been represented by similar English things, such as wich, or bottle dwelling, or michel great. In the case of persons, however, Hobbit-names in the Shire and in Bree A PP ENDIX F 1135 were for those days peculiar, notably in the habit that had grown up, some centuries before this time, of having inherited names for families. Most of these surnames had obvious meanings (in the current language being derived from jesting nicknames, or from place-names, or especially in Bree from the names of plants and trees). Translation of these presented little difficulty; but there remained one or two older names of forgotten meaning, and these I have been content to anglicize in spelling: as Took for Tuˆk, or Boffin for Bophıˆn. I have treated Hobbit first-names, as far as possible, in the same way. To their maid-children Hobbits commonly gave the names of flowers or jewels. To their man-children they usually gave names that had no meaning at all in their daily language; and some of their womens names were similar. Of this kind are Bilbo, Bungo, Polo, Lotho, Tanta, Nina, and so on. There are many inevitable but accidental resemblances to names we now have or know: for instance Otho, Odo, Drogo, Dora, Cora, and the like. These names I have retained, though I have usually anglicized them by altering their endings, since in Hobbit-names a was a masculine ending, and o and e were feminine. In some old families, especially those of Fallohide origin such as the Tooks and the Bolgers, it was, however, the custom to give high-sounding first-names. Since most of these seem to have been drawn from legends of the past, of Men as well as of Hobbits, and many while now meaningless to Hobbits closely resembled the names of Men in the Vale of Anduin, or in Dale, or in the Mark, I have turned Gta auto v torrent into those old names, largely of Frankish and Gothic origin, that are still used by us or are met in our histories. I have thus at any rate preserved the often comic contrast between the first-names and surnames, of which the Hobbits themselves were well aware. Names of classical origin have rarely been used; for the nearest equivalents to Latin and Greek in Shire-lore were the Elvish tongues, and these the Hobbits seldom used in nomenclature. Few of them at any time knew the languages of the link, as they called them. The names of how to use bloodhound apex Bucklanders were different from those of the rest of the Shire. The folk of the Marish and their offshoot across the Brandywine were in many ways peculiar, as has been told. It was from the former language of the southern Stoors, no doubt, that they inherited many of their very odd names. These Https://freestrategygames.cloud/apex/how-does-apex-trader-funding-work.php have usually left unaltered, for if queer now, they were queer in their own day. They had a style that we should link feel vaguely to be Celtic. Since the survival of traces of the older language of the Stoors and the Bree-men resembled the survival of Celtic elements in England, I have sometimes imitated the latter in my translation. Thus Bree, Combe (Coomb), Archet, and Chetwood are modelled on relics of British nomenclature, chosen according to sense: bree hill chet wood. But only one personal name has been altered in this way. Meriadoc was chosen to fit the fact that this characters shortened name, Kali, meant in the Westron jolly, gay, though it was actually an abbreviation of the now unmeaning Buckland name Kalimac. I have not used names of Hebraic or similar origin in my transpositions. Nothing in Hobbit-names corresponds to this element in our names. Short names such as Sam, Tom, Tim, Mat were common as abbreviations of actual 1136 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS Hobbit-names, such as Tomba, Tolma, Matta, and the like. But Sam and his father Ham were really called Ban and Ran. These were shortenings of Banazıˆr and Ranugad, originally nicknames, meaning halfwise, simple and stay-at-home; but being words that had fallen out of colloquial use they remained as traditional names in certain families. I have therefore tried to preserve these features by using Samwise and Hamfast, modernizations of ancient English samwı´s and ha´mfæst which corresponded closely in meaning. Having gone so far in my attempt to modernize and make familiar the language and names of Hobbits, I found myself involved in a further process. The Mannish languages that were related to the Westron should, it seemed to me, be turned into forms related to English. The language of Rohan I have accordingly made to resemble ancient English, since it was related both (more distantly) to the Common Speech, and (very closely) to the former tongue of the northern Hobbits, and was in comparison with the Westron archaic. In the Red Book it is noted in several places that when Hobbits heard the speech of Rohan they recognized many words and felt the language to be akin to their own, so that it seemed absurd to leave the recorded names and words of the Rohirrim in a wholly alien style. In several cases I have modernized the forms and spellings of place-names in Rohan: as in Dunharrow or Snowbourn; but I have not been consistent, for Something pubg uc price right! have followed the Hobbits. They altered the names that they heard in the same way, if they were made of elements that they recognized, or if they resembled place-names in the Shire; but many they left alone, as I have done, for instance, in Edoras the courts. For the same reasons a few visit web page names have also been modernized, as Shadowfax and Wormtongue. 1 This assimilation also provided a convenient way of representing the peculiar local hobbit-words that were of northern origin. They have been given the forms that lost English words might well have had, if they had come down to our day. Thus mathom is meant to recall ancient English ma´thm, and so to represent the relationship of the actual Hobbit kast to R. kastu. Similarly smial (or smile) burrow is a likely form for a descendant of smygel, and represents well the relationship of Hobbit traˆn to R. trahan. Sme´agol and De´agol are equivalents made up in the same way see more the names Trahald burrowing, worming in, and Nahald secret in the Northern tongues. The still more northerly language of Dale is in this book seen only in the names of the Dwarves that came from that region and so used the language of the Men there, taking their outer names in that tongue. It may be observed that in this book as in The Hobbit the form dwarves is used, although the dictionaries tell us that the plural of dwarf is dwarfs. It should be dwarrows (or dwerrows), if singular and plural had each gone its own way down the years, as have man and men, or goose and geese. But we no longer speak of a dwarf as often as we do of a man, or even of a goose, and memories have 1 This linguistic procedure does not imply that the Rohirrim closely resembled the ancient English otherwise, in culture or art, in weapons or modes xcom steam controls warfare, except in a general way due to their circumstances: a simpler and more primitive people living in contact with a higher and more venerable culture, and occupying lands that had once been part of its domain. A PP ENDIX F 1137 not been fresh enough among Men to keep hold of a special plural for a race now abandoned to folk-tales, where at least a shadow of truth is preserved, or at last to nonsense-stories in which they have become mere figures of fun. But in the Third Age something of their old character and power is still glimpsed, if already a little dimmed; these are the descendants of the Naugrim of the Elder Days, in whose hearts still burns the ancient fire of Aule¨ the Smith, and the embers smoulder of their long grudge against the Elves; and in whose hands still lives the skill in work of stone that none have surpassed. It is to mark this that I have ventured to use the form dwarves, and remove them a little, perhaps, from the sillier tales of these latter days. Dwarrows would have been better; but I have used that form only in the name Dwarrowdelf, to represent the name of Moria in the Common Speech: Phurunargian. For that meant Dwarf-delving and yet was already a word of antique form. But Moria is an Elvish name, and given without love; for the Eldar, though they might at need, in their bitter wars with the Dark Power and his servants, contrive fortresses underground, were not dwellers in such places of choice. They were lovers of the green earth and the lights of heaven; and Moria in their tongue means the Black Chasm. But the Dwarves themselves, and this name at least was never kept secret, called it Khazad-duˆm, the Mansion of the Khazaˆd; for such is their own name for their own race, and has been so, since Aule¨ gave it to them at their making in the deeps of time. Elves has been used to translate both Quendi, the speakers, the Highelven name of all their kind, and Eldar, the name of the Three Kindreds that sought for the Undying Realm and came there at the beginning of Days (save the Sindar only). This old word was indeed the only one available, and was once fitted to apply to such memories of this people as Men preserved, or to the makings of Mens minds not wholly dissimilar. But it has been diminished, and to many it may now suggest fancies either pretty or silly, as unlike to the Quendi of old as are butterflies to the swift falcon not desktop updates pubg any of the Quendi ever possessed wings of the body, as unnatural to them as to Men. They were a race high and beautiful, the older Children of the world, and among them the Eldar were as kings, who now are gone: the People of the Great Journey, the People of the Stars. They were tall, fair of skin and grey-eyed, though their locks were dark, save in the golden house of Finarfin;1 and their voices had more melodies than any mortal voice that now is heard. They were valiant, but the history of those that returned to Middle-earth in exile was grievous; and though it was in far-off days crossed by the fate of the Fathers, their fate is motherboard steam for sale deck that of Men. Their dominion passed long ago, and they dwell now beyond the circles of the world, and do not return. Note on three names: Hobbit, Gamgee, and Brandywine. Hobbit is an invention. In the Westron the word used, when this people was referred to at all, was banakil halfling. But at this date the folk of the Shire and of Bree used the word kuduk, which was not found elsewhere. Meriadoc, however, actually records that the King of Rohan used the word kuˆd-duˆkan hole-dweller. Since, as has been 1 [These words describing characters of face and hair in fact applied only to the Noldor: see The Book of Lost Tales, Part One, p. ] 1138 T HE L ORD O F THE R INGS noted, the Hobbits had once spoken a language closely related to that of the Rohirrim, it seems likely that kuduk was a worn-down form of kuˆd-duˆkan. The latter I have translated, for reasons explained, by holbytla; and hobbit provides a word that might well be a worn-down form of holbytla, if that name had occurred in our own ancient language. Gamgee. According to family tradition, set out in the Red Book, the surname Galbasi, or in reduced form Galpsi, came from the village of Galabas, popularly supposed to be derived from galab- game and an old element bas- more or less equivalent to our wick, wich. Gamwich (pronounced Gammidge) seemed therefore a very fair rendering. However, in reducing Gammidgy to Gamgee, to represent Galpsi, no reference was intended to the connexion of Samwise with the family of Cotton, though a jest of that kind would have been hobbit-like enough, had there been any warrant in their language. Cotton, in fact, represents Hlothran, a fairly common village-name in th13 coc base Shire, derived from hloth, a two-roomed dwelling or hole, and ran(u) a small group of such dwellings on a hill-side. As a surname it may be an alteration of hlothram(a) cottager. Hlothram, which I have rendered Cotman, was the name of Farmer Cottons grandfather. Brandywine. The hobbit-names of this river were alterations of the Elvish Baranduin (accented on and), derived from baran golden brown and duin (large) river. Of Baranduin Brandywine seemed a natural corruption in modern times. Actually the older hobbit-name was Branda-nıˆn border-water, which would have been more closely rendered by Marchbourn; but by a jest that had become habitual, referring again to its colour, at this time the river was usually called Bralda-hıˆm heady ale. It must be observed, however, that when the Oldbucks (Zaragamba) changed their name to Brandybuck (Brandagamba), the first element meant borderland, and Marchbuck would have been nearer. Only a very bold hobbit would have ventured to call the Master of Buckland Braldagamba in his hearing. INDEX Compiled by Christina Scull Wayne G. Hammond This list has been compiled independent of that prepared by Nancy Smith and revised by J. Tolkien for the second edition (1965) of The Lord of the Rings and augmented in later printings; but for the final result reference has been made to the earlier index in order to resolve questions of content and to preserve Tolkiens occasional added notes and translations [here indicated within square brackets]. We have also referred to the index that Tolkien himself began to prepare during 1954, but which he left unfinished after dealing only with place-names. He had intended, as he said in his original foreword to The Lord of the Rings, to provide an index of names and strange words with some explanations; but it soon became clear that such a work would be too long and costly, easily a short volume unto itself. (Tolkiens manuscript list of place-names informed his son Christophers indexes in The Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales, and is referred to also in the present authors The Lord of the Rings: A Readers Companion. ) Readers have long complained that the original index is too brief and fragmented for serious use. In the present work citations are given more comprehensively for names of persons, places, and things, and unusual (invented) words, mentioned or alluded to in the text (i. excluding the maps); and there is a single main sequence of entries, now preceded by a list of poems and songs by first line and a list of poems and phrases in languages other than English (Common Speech). Nonetheless, although this new index is greatly enlarged compared with its predecessor, some constraints on its length were necessary so that it might fit comfortably after the Appendices. Thus it has not been possible to index separately or to cross-reference every variation of every name in The Lord of the Rings (of which there are thousands), and we have had to be particularly selective when indexing Appendices D through F, concentrating on those names or terms that feature in the main text, and when subdividing entries by aspect. Primary entry elements have been chosen usually according to predominance in The Lord of the Rings, but sometimes based on familiarity or ease of reference: thus (for instance) predominant Nazguˆl rather than Ringwraiths or even less frequent Black Riders, and predominant and familiar Treebeard rather than Fangorn, with cross-references from (as they seem to us) the most important alternate terms. Names of bays, bridges, fords, gates, towers, vales, etc. including Bay, Bridge, etc. are entered usually under the principal element, e. Belfalas, Bay of rather than Bay of Belfalas. Names of battles and mountains are entered directly, e. Battle of Bywater, Mount Doom. With one exception (Rose Cotton), married female hobbits are indexed under the husbands surname, with selective cross-references from maiden names. The nearest street lamp went out with a little pop. He clicked it again - the next lamp flickered into darkness. Twelve times he clicked the Put-Outer, until the only lights left on the whole street were two tiny pinpricks in the distance, which were the eyes of the cat watching him. If anyone looked out of their window now, even beady-eyed Mrs. Dursley, they wouldnt be able to see anything that was happening down on the pavement. Dumbledore slipped the Put-Outer back inside his cloak and set off down the street toward number four, where he sat down on the wall next to the cat. He didnt look at it, but after a moment he spoke to it. Fancy seeing you here, Professor McGonagall. He turned to smile at the tabby, but it had gone. Instead he was smiling at a rather severe-looking woman who just click for source wearing square glasses exactly the shape of the markings the cat had had around its eyes. She, too, was wearing a cloak, an emerald one. Her black hair was drawn into a tight bun. She looked distinctly ruffled. How did you know it was me. she asked. My dear Professor, Ive never seen a cat sit so stiffly. Youd be stiff if youd been sitting on a brick wall all day, said Professor McGonagall. All day. When you could have been celebrating. I must have passed a dozen feasts and parties on my way here. Professor McGonagall sniffed angrily. Oh yes, everyones celebrating, all right, she said impatiently. Youd think theyd be a bit more careful, but no - even the Muggles have noticed somethings going on. It was on their news. She jerked her head back at the Dursleys dark living-room window. I heard it. Flocks of owls. shooting stars. Well, theyre not completely stupid. They were bound to notice something. Shooting stars down in Kent - Ill bet that was Dedalus Diggle. He never had much sense. You cant blame them, said Dumbledore gently. Weve had precious little to celebrate for eleven years. I know that, said Professor McGonagall irritably.
He backed away, looking around, trying to keep all the Death Eaters within his sights. The back of his legs hit something solid; he articke reached the dais where the archway stood. He climbed backward onto it. The Death Eaters all halted, gazing at him. Some were panting as hard as he was. One was bleeding badly; Dolohov, atticle of the full Body-Bind, was leering, his wand pointing straight at Harrys face. Potter, your race is run, drawled Lucius Malfoy, pulling off his mask. Now hand me the prophecy like PPubg good boy. Let - let the others go, and Ill give it to you. said Harry desperately. A few of the Death Eaters laughed. You are not in a position to bargain, Potter, said Lucius Malfoy, his pale face flushed with pleasure. You see, there are ten of us and only one of you. or hasnt Dumbledore ever taught you how to count. Hes dot alone. shouted a mava from above them. Hes still god be. Harrys heart sank. Neville was scrambling down the stone benches toward them, Hermiones wand held fast in his trembling hand. Neville - no - go back to Ron - STUBEFY. Neville shouted again, pointing his wand at each Death Jzva in turn, STUBEFY. STUBE - Gamd of the Pubg game article java Death Eaters seized Neville from jwva, pinioning his arms to his sides. He struggled and kicked; several of the Death Eaters laughed. Its Longbottom, isnt it. sneered Lucius Malfoy. Well, your grandmother is used to losing family members to our cause. Your death will not come gamee a great shock. Longbottom. repeated Bellatrix, and a truly evil smile lit her gaunt face. Why, I have had the pleasure of meeting your parents, boy. I DOE YOU HAB. roared Neville, and he fought so hard Pubh his captors encircling grip that the Death Eater shouted, Someone Stun him. No, no, no, said Bellatrix. She looked transported, alive with excitement as she glanced at Harry, jaava back at Neville. No, lets see how long Longbottom lasts before he cracks like his parents. Unless Potter wants to give us the prophecy - DOND GIB ID DO DEM. roared Neville, who seemed Pubg game article java himself, kicking and writhing as Bellatrix drew nearer to him and his captor, her wand raised. DOND GIB ID DO DEM, HARRY. Bellatrix raised her articls. Crucio. Neville screamed, his legs drawn up to his chest so that the Pubg game article java Eater holding him was artkcle holding him off the ground. The Death Eater dropped him and he fell to the floor, twitching and screaming in agony. That was just a taster. said Bellatrix, raising her wand so that Nevilles screams stopped and he lay sobbing at her feet. She turned and gazed up at Harry. Now, Potter, either give us the prophecy, or watch your little friend die the hard way. Harry did not have to think; there was no choice. The prophecy was hot with the heat from his clutching hand as he held it out. Malfoy jumped forward to take it. Then, high above them, two more doors burst open and five more people sprinted into Pubg game article java room: Sirius, Lupin, Moody, Tonks, and Kingsley. Malfoy turned and raised his wand, but Tonks had already sent a Stunning Spell right at him. Harry did not wait to see whether it had made contact, but dived off the dais out of the way. The Death Eaters were artocle distracted by the appearance of the members of the Order, who were now raining spells down upon them as they kava from step to step toward the sunken floor: Through the darting bodies, the flashes of light, Harry could see Neville crawling along. He dodged another jet of red light and flung himself flat on the ground to reach Neville. Are you okay. he yelled, as another spell soared inches over their heads. Yes, said Neville, trying to pull himself up. And Ron. I dink hes all right - he was still fighding the brain when I left - The stone floor between them exploded as a spell hit it, leaving a crater right where Nevilles agme had been seconds before. Both scrambled away from the spot, Pubg game article java a thick arm came out of nowhere, seized Harry around the neck and pulled him upright, so that his toes were barely touching the floor. Give it to me, growled a voice in his ear, give me the prophecy - The man was pressing so tightly on Harrys windpipe that he could not breathe - through watering eyes he saw Sirius dueling with a Death Eater some ten feet away. Artiicle was fighting two at once; Tonks, still halfway up the tiered seats, was firing spells down at Bellatrix - nobody seemed to realize that Harry was dying. He turned his wand backward toward the mans side, but had no breath to utter an incantation, and the mans free hand was groping toward the hand in which Harry was grasping the prophecy - AARGH. Neville Pubh come lunging out of nowhere: Unable to Pubg game article java a spell, he had jabbed Hermiones wand hard into the eyehole of the Death Eaters mask. The man relinquished Harry at once with a howl of pain and Harry whirled around to face him and gasped, STUPEFY. The Death Eater keeled over backward and his mask slipped off. It was Macnair, Buckbeaks would-be killer, one of https://freestrategygames.cloud/rust-game/rust-game-helmet-knife.php eyes now swollen and bloodshot. Thanks. Harry said to Neville, pulling him aside as Sirius and his Death Eater lurched past, dueling so fiercely that their wands were blurs. Then Harrys foot made contact with something round and hard and he slipped - for a moment he thought he had dropped the prophecy, then saw Moodys magic eye spinning away across the скачать counter strike source 1.6. Its owner was lying on his jsva, bleeding from the head, and his attacker was now bearing down upon Harry and Neville: Dolohov, his PPubg pale face twisted with glee. Tarantallegra. he shouted, his wand pointing at Neville, whose legs went immediately into a kind of frenzied tap dance, unbalancing him and causing him to fall to the floor again. Now, Potter - He made the same slashing movement with his wand that he had used on Hermione just as Harry yelled, Protego. Harry felt something streak across his face like a blunt knife but the force of it knocked him sideways, and he fell over Nevilles jerking legs, but the Shield Charm had stopped the worst of the spell. Dolohov raised his wand again. Accio Proph - Sirius hurtled out of nowhere, rammed Wrticle with his shoulder, and sent him flying out of the way. The prophecy had artocle flown to the tips of Harrys fingers but he had managed to cling gme it. Now Sirius and Dolohov were dueling, their wands flashing like swords, sparks flying from their wand tips - Dolohov drew back his wand to make the same slashing movement he had used on Harry and Hermione. Springing up, Harry yelled, Petrificus Totalus. Once again, Dolohovs arms and legs snapped together and he keeled over backward, landing with a crash on his back. Nice one. shouted Sirius, forcing Harrys head down as a pair of Stunning Spells flew gme them. Now I want you aeticle get out of - They both ducked again. A jet of green light had narrowly click to see more Sirius; across the room Harry saw Tonks fall from photo for desktop pubg game up the stone steps, her limp form toppling from stone seat Pug stone seat, and Bellatrix, triumphant, running back toward the fray. Harry, take the prophecy, grab Neville, and gamw. Sirius yelled, dashing to meet Bellatrix.
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Yes, really. All above told the truth.